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Rogue rebels spark violence
International aid agencies led by the UN have called for an end to violence in the southern Philippines after rogue Muslim rebels opposed to peace talks laid siege to a key trading hub, leaving at least 14 dead and forcing thousands to flee.
In a week of sporadic and intense fighting, the once bustling city of Zamboanga has turned into a battle zone. Tanks patrol deserted streets as heavily armed soldiers hunt Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) rebels who have infiltrated a half-dozen coastal villages, taking up to 180 hostages they are using as human shields to thwart a military advance. They are accused of torching homes and raping a number of female captives.
The local social welfare department said some 13,000 people have fled their homes and are being sheltered at a gymnasium in the city’s centre, less than 1km from some of the clashes.
For its part, Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada reiterated its advice “against all travel to the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (consisting of Basilan, Sulu, Tawi Tawi, Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao), as well as to the Zamboanga Peninsula, Zamboanga del Sur, Sarangani, Lanao del Norte, Davao, North and South Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat, due to the serious threat of terrorist attacks and kidnapping.”
“There is a serious threat of terrorist attacks and kidnappings in this region. Since September 9, 2013, clashes have been occurring in parts of Zamboanga City between Philippine Armed Forces and the Moro National Liberation Front. Civilians have been killed during past clashes,” it said.
“Review your security situation and take appropriate precautions if you are visiting or living in this region, particularly when visiting places frequented by foreigners, such as resorts,” it added.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the US Agency for International Development said they were sending essential supplies, including medicines, blankets, water and diapers to evacuees.
“We are closely monitoring the evolving situation in Zamboanga. Fighting is taking place in areas of the city where many civilians may still be living,” ICRC Philippine head Pascal Mauchle said in a statement.
He called on combatants to act with “extreme caution to ensure civilian life and property are spared at all times.”
The mayor of Zamboanga, Maria Isabelle Climaco-Salazar, told IRIN rebels had taken control in six of the city’s 198 villages, and that government forces remain in control. She appealed for shops to re-open and for health workers to keep hospitals open; a number of health centres have shuttered.
“We request that doctors remain in hospitals because you are needed to serve patients who have medical needs in these very trying times,” she said. “I, again, appeal to the hostage takers: Please let go of the hostages, especially the elderly, the sick, the children and the people with disabilities.”
The Humanitarian Coordinator in the Philippines said in a statement the agency the UN stood ready to help address humanitarian needs, calling on both sides to allow for a humanitarian corridor to allow those trapped to seek safer ground.
The statement called for an immediate end to the fighting, expressed regret for the loss of lives and called for the “safe passage of civilians caught in the crossfire”.
Between 100 and 300 rebels loyal to MNLF founder Nur Misuari entered the coastal city of Zamboanga, in Mindanao Island, some 850km south of the capital Manila, on 9 September in what authorities said was a bid to march on City Hall and hoist their flag.
Government forces intercepted them, triggering clashes that have shut down the former Spanish fort city of Zamboanga, which has a population of nearly one million and is considered a key trading hub in the southern Philippines.
The attack came on the eve of a new round of peace talks between an MNLF splinter group, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), and the government, being held in Malaysia; both sides are to finalize a power-sharing scheme ahead of a final peace deal by 2016.
Zamboanga’s mayor said she managed to communicate with Misuari, but that the rebel leader said the decision to end fighting rests with his lieutenants on the ground.
Misuari founded MNLF in the early 1970s to fight for an independent Islamic state in the south, which Muslims consider their ancestral home. The long running insurgency has led to a proliferation of other armed gangs and a black market of unlicensed guns that contribute to the region’s volatility.
Misuari dropped his independence bid and signed a deal with the government in 1996 for the creation of a Muslim autonomous region, where he was subsequently made governor. But Manila later dubbed the region a “failed experiment” and said millions of dollars in development aid had been lost to corruption.
The government is now negotiating with the 12,000-strong MILF for the creation of what is envisioned to be an expanded autonomous region that would supersede the one handed to the MNLF, a development that Misuari and a number of still-loyal fighters oppose.
It is still not clear how the ongoing siege of Zamboanga will affect peace talks with the MILF, but the government’s chief peace negotiator, Miriam Coronel-Ferrer, said terminating talks is not an option.
“We cannot allow this process to fail,” she told IRIN. “We have to show...that through reason and compassion, through dialogue and cooperation, we can create the process and the institutions that will enable one and all - exercising their free will but refraining from the use of all forms of violence - to rebuild their societies.”
According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), an estimated 136,000 people have been affected by the violence. A curfew is in place from 8pm to 5am.
All schools and almost all shops are closed, with only essential government offices open. The government and humanitarian partners have provided food packs, tents and non-food items and a mobile storage unit. An emergency hospital facility was established by the government for the displaced. An unknown number of people also remain trapped in affected coastal villages, unable to reach evacuation centres in the city.
Urgent needs of the evacuees include food, water, tents, bedding, cooking utensils and hygiene kits, the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO) reported.
Hundreds of elite Philippine troops have been closing in on the gunmen, and sporadic clashes punctuated by powerful explosions from rebel mortar fire reverberate for miles around the city.
MNLF forces on nearby Basilan Island, across the sea strait from Zamboanga, also attacked government targets there in a bid to divert military attention. They were backed by two other Muslim militant groups, underscoring the volatility of the southern region, where decades of Islamic insurgency has left many parts vulnerable.
Philippine president Benigno Aquino assured the public that the “overwhelming” presence of troops in Zamboanga would be able to contain the fighting in only the affected villages and that normalcy would resume soon.
“We want to make sure that there is no unnecessary loss of lives,” he said. “Preservation of life is the paramount mission.”
He also hinted that the government wanted to exhaust all peaceful means to end the crisis, even as he said a calibrated military response was in place from day one.
An estimated 150,000 people have died in one of the region’s longest-running insurgencies, which has left the southern mineral-rich island mired in poverty.
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